Technical White Paper
               
Updated: January 14, 2004
MOON W-5 Dual-Mono Power Amplifier
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Company Philosophy
Keeping an open mind and producing the best products at every
price point is Simaudio's basic design philosophy. We
strongly believe in the long term use of products and are against
forced obsolescence. Consequently, we will never manufacture a
product under a certain level of performance, where the lower limit
is determined by 1) the costs associated with high quality electronic
components and   2) the R&D investment to achieve a long lasting
and durable design. As well, our manufacturing facility addresses
numerous environmental concerns that include Recyclability, careful
attention to packaging and the ROC cleaning process for aluminum and
steel.
Purchasing a component represents the beginning of what we see as a
long term relationship between Simaudio and the customer.
Design Philosophy
Over two years of extensive research and development into amplification
design produced "Renaissance" technology; Essentially
a no overall feedback design which uses a very precise differential
circuit that employs only 1 step of local feedback (found in the
output stage to maintain low THD). The result is virtually non-existent
intermodulation distortion (which is more damaging than harmonic
distortion) and an extremely fast amplifier with no phase errors
resulting from feedback. More importantly, with this circuit topology,
the speaker cannot send back its counter-reaction after a musical impulsion
which normally leads to a reduction in clarity of the music, a lack of
tonal accuracy and the feeling of the live performance being lost.
"Renaissance" technology reached the consumer market
in 1993 through Simaudio's Celeste product line. In 1996 we
introduced "Advanced Renaissance" technology which
resolved, what we felt was, a minor flaw in the original design;
The end result of this advancement being more extension, articulation
and dynamics in the lower frequency octaves. "Advanced
Renaissance" technology is employed in the MOON W-5 Power
Amplifier.
"Advanced Reniassance" technology is why the MOON W-5 amplifier
sounds uncoloured, natural and so true to life.
Significant Amplifier Characteristics
- Larger than average power supplies.
- Stable to most known speaker impedance.
- Class AB output, Class A to 5 watts for greater efficiency.
- No overall feedback resulting in:
a) Real-time amplification
b) More accurate music with respect to tonality
c) Greater musical fidelity
- A high damping factor to achieve:
a) Superior musical dynamics
b) Improved signal speed
c) Refined timbre accuracy
- Low power consumption; The Simaudio Moon W-5
amplifier is designed to be powered up at all times for optimal performance.
General Description and Specifications
- Type: Solid State
- Configuration: Dual Mono
- Power Supply Transformers: 2 x 1kVA
- Power Supply Capacitance: 216,000µF
- Class Of Operation: A/AB
- Single-ended Inputs: RCA - 2 pairs (normal and phase inverted): 2 pairs
- Balanced Input: XLR - 1 pair
- Input Device Types: J-FETs
- Input Impedance: 47,500 ohms
- Input Sensitivity: 1050mV
- Output Device Type: Bipolars - 10 / channel
- Output Binding Posts: WBT
- Output Power @ 8 ohms: 190 watts
- Output Power @ 4 ohms: 380 watts
- Output Power @ 2 ohms: 750 watts
- Output Power - Bridged Mono: 750 watts
- Frequency response: 10Hz - 200kHz   (+0/-3dB)
- Output Impedance: 0.01 ohms
- Damping Factor: 800
- Gain: 33dB
- Signal-to-noise Ratio: 100dB @ full power
- Maximum Output Voltage: 40
- Slew Rate: 40V/µs
- Maximum Current - Peak: 55 amps
- Maximum Current - Continuous: 20 amps
- Crosstalk @ 1kHz: -100 dB
- IMD: Unmeasureable
- THD (20Hz - 20kHz @ 1 watt): < 0.02 %
- THD (20Hz - 20kHz @ 190 watts): < 0.05 %
- Power Consumption @ idle: 48 watts
- Shipping Weight 71 lbs / 32 kgs
- Dimensions (w x h x d) in.: 19 x 7.5 x 19
- Dimensions (w x h x d) cm.: 48.6 x 19.2 x 48.6
Technical Design Features
Simaudio has developed a custom proprietary toroidal transformer
design used in most of our Moon components. Sonic improvements are obtained as
follows: This design has a lower magnetic, electrical and thermal loss,
resulting in an improved power transfer. Consequently, a lower regulation
factor is achieved resulting in increased current speed and better dynamics.
Chronologically, here are some of the significant highlights of the
transformer manufacturing process which we call the VPI (Vacuum
Pressure Impregnation) Process.
- The core is made from a very
accurately processed steel imported from Japan.
- Theses cores are first placed into
a vacuum chamber where -28 PSI is applied for 15
minutes, removing any air pockets trapped inside
the core structure.
- Epoxy resin is then released from
a holding tank into the vacuum chamber, filling
any microscopic gaps that may exist in the cores.
- Pressure is then applied at +30
PSI for 15 minutes, causing the resin to return
to its holding tank. Chamber pressure is then
stabilized to a normal level.
- These treated cores are then baked
at 300 degrees Farenheit for 8 hours.
- Core insulation is then applied
for mechanical, temperature and electrical
protection.
- All transformer wire is Class H
type for the longest possible lifespan.
These custom toroidal transformers function at a very
low temperature (the same as their operating environment)
due to their stress-free performance characteristics. The
result is an electronic component with a much longer life
expectancy.
Input stage devices are Siliconix J-FETs. They are employed
in the circuit based on their sonic merit. As well, they produce
only third order harmonic distortion which the human ear interprets
as a more natural occurrence, as opposed to second order distortion,
therefore eliminating what we call a "hard" sound. These devices
also produce a very natural harmonic structure for signal amplification.
Output stage devices are Motorola Bipolars. We prefer them
over MOSFETs since they show a little more linearity through the
audio spectrum. These devices are matched on the basis of their
HFE characteristics to tolerances of 0.5% or better.
The W-5 power amplifier has three circuit boards; one for
each channel and one for the power supply protection circuit.
These circuit boards are made of FR4 material and have a
thickness of 0.062 inches. The base has 2 ounces of pure copper.
The plating on top of the base is 1.5 ounce pure copper. This
affects the sound by yielding better timbre and rhythm of music.
Extremely rigid chassis construction minimizes the
effects that outside vibrations have on the amplifiers
performance, thus reducing mechanical colorations to the music.
Ergonomics are taken into consideration via the "bar
handles" running the length of both sides of the amplifier.
As well, mechanical grounding is addressed through the use of
four height adjustable cylindrical cones which screw onto the
amplifier's base. Not only do all the physical aspects of
the chassis serve a purpose, they all come together to form an
extremely attractive audio component.
Since the MOON W-5 Amplifier is a balanced design,
XLR connectors are found on the rear panel.
These are the highest quality available from Neutrik. As well,
the option of single-ended connectivity is furnished through
two pairs of gold-plated RCA connectors with teflon
dielectric insulation. The reason for two RCA inputs per channel
is the result of the balanced circuit topology - 1 set of
left/right RCA's is phase correct and the other pair is
reversed phase; When using a phase-inverted preamp this can make
life a whole lot simpler. Speaker outputs are the heavy
gold-plated WBT binding posts chosen for both
their sonic merits and build quality.
The highest quality electronic components are used throughout the W-5
:
- Vishay Dale metal film resistors
with tolerances of 1% or better.
- Film Capacitors from Phillips,
Ero, Wima and Thompson.
- Electrolytic Capacitors from
Nichicon, United Chemi-con and Cornell Dubillier.
- Output section wiring is custom
proprietary using silver plated OFC copper with
teflon insulation.
- All other signal path wiring uses
silver plated copper with teflon insulation.
Other significant design factors include
:
The use of 2% silver alloy multicore solder throughout the circuit
for better accuracy and precision of the audio signal
- Short signal paths for better
dielectric coloration factor
- Tight component match in all
critical positions for better transparency
- Symmetrical circuit design for
better focus and soundstage
- Low impedance capacitor networks
for better transient response
- Teflon dielectric on specific
wires for better dielectric coloration factor
Quality Control
By this point, it must be quite obvious that Simaudio pays careful
attention to quality control throughout the each stage of the entire
manufacturing process; From the selection and inspection of individual
electronic components through to final testing and packaging.
Once assembled, each MOON W-5 amplifier
undergoes a rigorous test procedure. Some of the more
significant aspects include:
- Protection circuit functionality
- Voltage level measurements
- Distortion testing
- Bandwidth testing
- Crosstalk testing
- Bias calibration
- Minimum 24 hour burn-in
- Precision tuning calibration
including fine bias adjustments
- Listening tests
Our commitment to the reliability and quality control invested
into each and every MOON W-5 power amplifier is backed up by a
10 year factory warranty.
Conclusion
The Simaudio MOON W-5 is our "statement" stereo amplifier.
It's a zero overall feedback, balanced circuit
using in-house designed proprietary transformers and some of
the finest electronic components available. The result is an
exceptional sounding amplifier capable of handling any speaker
load. This is a product that is built to last while providing
musical nirvana for many years, and furnished at an extremely
competitive price.
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